src/cuBdd/cuddZddUtil.c File Reference

#include "util.h"
#include "cuddInt.h"

Include dependency graph for cuddZddUtil.c:

Go to the source code of this file.

Functions
static int	zp2 (DdManager *zdd, DdNode *f, st_table *t)
static void	zdd_print_minterm_aux (DdManager *zdd, DdNode *node, int level, int *list)
static void	zddPrintCoverAux (DdManager *zdd, DdNode *node, int level, int *list)
int	Cudd_zddPrintMinterm (DdManager *zdd, DdNode *node)
int	Cudd_zddPrintCover (DdManager *zdd, DdNode *node)
int	Cudd_zddPrintDebug (DdManager *zdd, DdNode *f, int n, int pr)
DdGen *	Cudd_zddFirstPath (DdManager *zdd, DdNode *f, int **path)
int	Cudd_zddNextPath (DdGen *gen, int **path)
char *	Cudd_zddCoverPathToString (DdManager *zdd, int *path, char *str)
int	Cudd_zddDumpDot (DdManager *dd, int n, DdNode **f, char **inames, char **onames, FILE *fp)
int	cuddZddP (DdManager *zdd, DdNode *f)
Variables
static char rcsid[]	DD_UNUSED = "$Id: cuddZddUtil.c,v 1.27 2009/03/08 02:49:02 fabio Exp $"

---

Function Documentation

char* Cudd_zddCoverPathToString	(	DdManager *	zdd,
		int *	path,
		char *	str
	)

Function********************************************************************

Synopsis [Converts a path of a ZDD representing a cover to a string.]

Description [Converts a path of a ZDD representing a cover to a string. The string represents an implicant of the cover. The path is typically produced by Cudd_zddForeachPath. Returns a pointer to the string if successful; NULL otherwise. If the str input is NULL, it allocates a new string. The string passed to this function must have enough room for all variables and for the terminator.]

SideEffects [None]

SeeAlso [Cudd_zddForeachPath]

Definition at line 471 of file cuddZddUtil.c.

{
    int nvars = zdd->sizeZ;
    int i;
    char *res;

    if (nvars & 1) return(NULL);
    nvars >>= 1;
    if (str == NULL) {
        res = ALLOC(char, nvars+1);
        if (res == NULL) return(NULL);
    } else {
        res = str;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < nvars; i++) {
        int v = (path[2*i] << 2) | path[2*i+1];
        switch (v) {
        case 0:
        case 2:
        case 8:
        case 10:
            res[i] = '-';
            break;
        case 1:
        case 9:
            res[i] = '0';
            break;
        case 4:
        case 6:
            res[i] = '1';
            break;
        default:
            res[i] = '?';
        }
    }
    res[nvars] = 0;

    return(res);

} /* end of Cudd_zddCoverPathToString */

int Cudd_zddDumpDot	(	DdManager *	dd,
		int	n,
		DdNode **	f,
		char **	inames,
		char **	onames,
		FILE *	fp
	)

Function********************************************************************

Synopsis [Writes a dot file representing the argument ZDDs.]

Description [Writes a file representing the argument ZDDs in a format suitable for the graph drawing program dot. It returns 1 in case of success; 0 otherwise (e.g., out-of-memory, file system full). Cudd_zddDumpDot does not close the file: This is the caller responsibility. Cudd_zddDumpDot uses a minimal unique subset of the hexadecimal address of a node as name for it. If the argument inames is non-null, it is assumed to hold the pointers to the names of the inputs. Similarly for onames. Cudd_zddDumpDot uses the following convention to draw arcs:

• solid line: THEN arcs;
• dashed line: ELSE arcs.

The dot options are chosen so that the drawing fits on a letter-size sheet. ]

SideEffects [None]

SeeAlso [Cudd_DumpDot Cudd_zddPrintDebug]

Definition at line 545 of file cuddZddUtil.c.

{
    DdNode      *support = NULL;
    DdNode      *scan;
    int         *sorted = NULL;
    int         nvars = dd->sizeZ;
    st_table    *visited = NULL;
    st_generator *gen;
    int         retval;
    int         i, j;
    int         slots;
    DdNodePtr   *nodelist;
    long        refAddr, diff, mask;

    /* Build a bit array with the support of f. */
    sorted = ALLOC(int,nvars);
    if (sorted == NULL) {
        dd->errorCode = CUDD_MEMORY_OUT;
        goto failure;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < nvars; i++) sorted[i] = 0;

    /* Take the union of the supports of each output function. */
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        support = Cudd_Support(dd,f[i]);
        if (support == NULL) goto failure;
        cuddRef(support);
        scan = support;
        while (!cuddIsConstant(scan)) {
            sorted[scan->index] = 1;
            scan = cuddT(scan);
        }
        Cudd_RecursiveDeref(dd,support);
    }
    support = NULL; /* so that we do not try to free it in case of failure */

    /* Initialize symbol table for visited nodes. */
    visited = st_init_table(st_ptrcmp, st_ptrhash);
    if (visited == NULL) goto failure;

    /* Collect all the nodes of this DD in the symbol table. */
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        retval = cuddCollectNodes(f[i],visited);
        if (retval == 0) goto failure;
    }

    /* Find how many most significant hex digits are identical
    ** in the addresses of all the nodes. Build a mask based
    ** on this knowledge, so that digits that carry no information
    ** will not be printed. This is done in two steps.
    **  1. We scan the symbol table to find the bits that differ
    **     in at least 2 addresses.
    **  2. We choose one of the possible masks. There are 8 possible
    **     masks for 32-bit integer, and 16 possible masks for 64-bit
    **     integers.
    */

    /* Find the bits that are different. */
    refAddr = (long) f[0];
    diff = 0;
    gen = st_init_gen(visited);
    while (st_gen(gen, &scan, NULL)) {
        diff |= refAddr ^ (long) scan;
    }
    st_free_gen(gen);

    /* Choose the mask. */
    for (i = 0; (unsigned) i < 8 * sizeof(long); i += 4) {
        mask = (1 << i) - 1;
        if (diff <= mask) break;
    }

    /* Write the header and the global attributes. */
    retval = fprintf(fp,"digraph \"ZDD\" {\n");
    if (retval == EOF) return(0);
    retval = fprintf(fp,
        "size = \"7.5,10\"\ncenter = true;\nedge [dir = none];\n");
    if (retval == EOF) return(0);

    /* Write the input name subgraph by scanning the support array. */
    retval = fprintf(fp,"{ node [shape = plaintext];\n");
    if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
    retval = fprintf(fp,"  edge [style = invis];\n");
    if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
    /* We use a name ("CONST NODES") with an embedded blank, because
    ** it is unlikely to appear as an input name.
    */
    retval = fprintf(fp,"  \"CONST NODES\" [style = invis];\n");
    if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
    for (i = 0; i < nvars; i++) {
        if (sorted[dd->invpermZ[i]]) {
            if (inames == NULL) {
                retval = fprintf(fp,"\" %d \" -> ", dd->invpermZ[i]);
            } else {
                retval = fprintf(fp,"\" %s \" -> ", inames[dd->invpermZ[i]]);
            }
            if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
        }
    }
    retval = fprintf(fp,"\"CONST NODES\"; \n}\n");
    if (retval == EOF) goto failure;

    /* Write the output node subgraph. */
    retval = fprintf(fp,"{ rank = same; node [shape = box]; edge [style = invis];\n");
    if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (onames == NULL) {
            retval = fprintf(fp,"\"F%d\"", i);
        } else {
            retval = fprintf(fp,"\"  %s  \"", onames[i]);
        }
        if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
        if (i == n - 1) {
            retval = fprintf(fp,"; }\n");
        } else {
            retval = fprintf(fp," -> ");
        }
        if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
    }

    /* Write rank info: All nodes with the same index have the same rank. */
    for (i = 0; i < nvars; i++) {
        if (sorted[dd->invpermZ[i]]) {
            retval = fprintf(fp,"{ rank = same; ");
            if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
            if (inames == NULL) {
                retval = fprintf(fp,"\" %d \";\n", dd->invpermZ[i]);
            } else {
                retval = fprintf(fp,"\" %s \";\n", inames[dd->invpermZ[i]]);
            }
            if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
            nodelist = dd->subtableZ[i].nodelist;
            slots = dd->subtableZ[i].slots;
            for (j = 0; j < slots; j++) {
                scan = nodelist[j];
                while (scan != NULL) {
                    if (st_is_member(visited,(char *) scan)) {
                        retval = fprintf(fp,"\"%p\";\n", (void *)
                                         ((mask & (ptrint) scan) /
                                          sizeof(DdNode)));
                        if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
                    }
                    scan = scan->next;
                }
            }
            retval = fprintf(fp,"}\n");
            if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
        }
    }

    /* All constants have the same rank. */
    retval = fprintf(fp,
        "{ rank = same; \"CONST NODES\";\n{ node [shape = box]; ");
    if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
    nodelist = dd->constants.nodelist;
    slots = dd->constants.slots;
    for (j = 0; j < slots; j++) {
        scan = nodelist[j];
        while (scan != NULL) {
            if (st_is_member(visited,(char *) scan)) {
                retval = fprintf(fp,"\"%p\";\n", (void *)
                                 ((mask & (ptrint) scan) / sizeof(DdNode)));
                if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
            }
            scan = scan->next;
        }
    }
    retval = fprintf(fp,"}\n}\n");
    if (retval == EOF) goto failure;

    /* Write edge info. */
    /* Edges from the output nodes. */
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (onames == NULL) {
            retval = fprintf(fp,"\"F%d\"", i);
        } else {
            retval = fprintf(fp,"\"  %s  \"", onames[i]);
        }
        if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
        retval = fprintf(fp," -> \"%p\" [style = solid];\n",
                         (void *) ((mask & (ptrint) f[i]) /
                                          sizeof(DdNode)));
        if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
    }

    /* Edges from internal nodes. */
    for (i = 0; i < nvars; i++) {
        if (sorted[dd->invpermZ[i]]) {
            nodelist = dd->subtableZ[i].nodelist;
            slots = dd->subtableZ[i].slots;
            for (j = 0; j < slots; j++) {
                scan = nodelist[j];
                while (scan != NULL) {
                    if (st_is_member(visited,(char *) scan)) {
                        retval = fprintf(fp,
                            "\"%p\" -> \"%p\";\n",
                            (void *) ((mask & (ptrint) scan) / sizeof(DdNode)),
                            (void *) ((mask & (ptrint) cuddT(scan)) /
                                      sizeof(DdNode)));
                        if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
                        retval = fprintf(fp,
                                         "\"%p\" -> \"%p\" [style = dashed];\n",
                                         (void *) ((mask & (ptrint) scan)
                                                   / sizeof(DdNode)),
                                         (void *) ((mask & (ptrint)
                                                    cuddE(scan)) /
                                                   sizeof(DdNode)));
                        if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
                    }
                    scan = scan->next;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /* Write constant labels. */
    nodelist = dd->constants.nodelist;
    slots = dd->constants.slots;
    for (j = 0; j < slots; j++) {
        scan = nodelist[j];
        while (scan != NULL) {
            if (st_is_member(visited,(char *) scan)) {
                retval = fprintf(fp,"\"%p\" [label = \"%g\"];\n",
                                 (void *) ((mask & (ptrint) scan) /
                                           sizeof(DdNode)),
                                 cuddV(scan));
                if (retval == EOF) goto failure;
            }
            scan = scan->next;
        }
    }

    /* Write trailer and return. */
    retval = fprintf(fp,"}\n");
    if (retval == EOF) goto failure;

    st_free_table(visited);
    FREE(sorted);
    return(1);

failure:
    if (sorted != NULL) FREE(sorted);
    if (visited != NULL) st_free_table(visited);
    return(0);

} /* end of Cudd_zddDumpBlif */

DdGen* Cudd_zddFirstPath	(	DdManager *	zdd,
		DdNode *	f,
		int **	path
	)

Function********************************************************************

Synopsis [Finds the first path of a ZDD.]

Description [Defines an iterator on the paths of a ZDD and finds its first path. Returns a generator that contains the information necessary to continue the enumeration if successful; NULL otherwise.

A path is represented as an array of literals, which are integers in {0, 1, 2}; 0 represents an else arc out of a node, 1 represents a then arc out of a node, and 2 stands for the absence of a node. The size of the array equals the number of variables in the manager at the time Cudd_zddFirstCube is called.

The paths that end in the empty terminal are not enumerated.]

SideEffects [The first path is returned as a side effect.]

SeeAlso [Cudd_zddForeachPath Cudd_zddNextPath Cudd_GenFree Cudd_IsGenEmpty]

Definition at line 271 of file cuddZddUtil.c.

{
    DdGen *gen;
    DdNode *top, *next, *prev;
    int i;
    int nvars;

    /* Sanity Check. */
    if (zdd == NULL || f == NULL) return(NULL);

    /* Allocate generator an initialize it. */
    gen = ALLOC(DdGen,1);
    if (gen == NULL) {
        zdd->errorCode = CUDD_MEMORY_OUT;
        return(NULL);
    }

    gen->manager = zdd;
    gen->type = CUDD_GEN_ZDD_PATHS;
    gen->status = CUDD_GEN_EMPTY;
    gen->gen.cubes.cube = NULL;
    gen->gen.cubes.value = DD_ZERO_VAL;
    gen->stack.sp = 0;
    gen->stack.stack = NULL;
    gen->node = NULL;

    nvars = zdd->sizeZ;
    gen->gen.cubes.cube = ALLOC(int,nvars);
    if (gen->gen.cubes.cube == NULL) {
        zdd->errorCode = CUDD_MEMORY_OUT;
        FREE(gen);
        return(NULL);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < nvars; i++) gen->gen.cubes.cube[i] = 2;

    /* The maximum stack depth is one plus the number of variables.
    ** because a path may have nodes at all levels, including the
    ** constant level.
    */
    gen->stack.stack = ALLOC(DdNodePtr, nvars+1);
    if (gen->stack.stack == NULL) {
        zdd->errorCode = CUDD_MEMORY_OUT;
        FREE(gen->gen.cubes.cube);
        FREE(gen);
        return(NULL);
    }
    for (i = 0; i <= nvars; i++) gen->stack.stack[i] = NULL;

    /* Find the first path of the ZDD. */
    gen->stack.stack[gen->stack.sp] = f; gen->stack.sp++;

    while (1) {
        top = gen->stack.stack[gen->stack.sp-1];
        if (!cuddIsConstant(Cudd_Regular(top))) {
            /* Take the else branch first. */
            gen->gen.cubes.cube[Cudd_Regular(top)->index] = 0;
            next = cuddE(Cudd_Regular(top));
            gen->stack.stack[gen->stack.sp] = Cudd_Not(next); gen->stack.sp++;
        } else if (Cudd_Regular(top) == DD_ZERO(zdd)) {
            /* Backtrack. */
            while (1) {
                if (gen->stack.sp == 1) {
                    /* The current node has no predecessor. */
                    gen->status = CUDD_GEN_EMPTY;
                    gen->stack.sp--;
                    goto done;
                }
                prev = Cudd_Regular(gen->stack.stack[gen->stack.sp-2]);
                next = cuddT(prev);
                if (next != top) { /* follow the then branch next */
                    gen->gen.cubes.cube[prev->index] = 1;
                    gen->stack.stack[gen->stack.sp-1] = next;
                    break;
                }
                /* Pop the stack and try again. */
                gen->gen.cubes.cube[prev->index] = 2;
                gen->stack.sp--;
                top = gen->stack.stack[gen->stack.sp-1];
            }
        } else {
            gen->status = CUDD_GEN_NONEMPTY;
            gen->gen.cubes.value = cuddV(Cudd_Regular(top));
            goto done;
        }
    }

done:
    *path = gen->gen.cubes.cube;
    return(gen);

} /* end of Cudd_zddFirstPath */

int Cudd_zddNextPath	(	DdGen *	gen,
		int **	path
	)

Function********************************************************************

Synopsis [Generates the next path of a ZDD.]

Description [Generates the next path of a ZDD onset, using generator gen. Returns 0 if the enumeration is completed; 1 otherwise.]

SideEffects [The path is returned as a side effect. The generator is modified.]

SeeAlso [Cudd_zddForeachPath Cudd_zddFirstPath Cudd_GenFree Cudd_IsGenEmpty]

Definition at line 383 of file cuddZddUtil.c.

{
    DdNode *top, *next, *prev;
    DdManager *zdd = gen->manager;

    /* Backtrack from previously reached terminal node. */
    while (1) {
        if (gen->stack.sp == 1) {
            /* The current node has no predecessor. */
            gen->status = CUDD_GEN_EMPTY;
            gen->stack.sp--;
            goto done;
        }
        top = gen->stack.stack[gen->stack.sp-1];
        prev = Cudd_Regular(gen->stack.stack[gen->stack.sp-2]);
        next = cuddT(prev);
        if (next != top) { /* follow the then branch next */
            gen->gen.cubes.cube[prev->index] = 1;
            gen->stack.stack[gen->stack.sp-1] = next;
            break;
        }
        /* Pop the stack and try again. */
        gen->gen.cubes.cube[prev->index] = 2;
        gen->stack.sp--;
    }

    while (1) {
        top = gen->stack.stack[gen->stack.sp-1];
        if (!cuddIsConstant(Cudd_Regular(top))) {
            /* Take the else branch first. */
            gen->gen.cubes.cube[Cudd_Regular(top)->index] = 0;
            next = cuddE(Cudd_Regular(top));
            gen->stack.stack[gen->stack.sp] = Cudd_Not(next); gen->stack.sp++;
        } else if (Cudd_Regular(top) == DD_ZERO(zdd)) {
            /* Backtrack. */
            while (1) {
                if (gen->stack.sp == 1) {
                    /* The current node has no predecessor. */
                    gen->status = CUDD_GEN_EMPTY;
                    gen->stack.sp--;
                    goto done;
                }
                prev = Cudd_Regular(gen->stack.stack[gen->stack.sp-2]);
                next = cuddT(prev);
                if (next != top) { /* follow the then branch next */
                    gen->gen.cubes.cube[prev->index] = 1;
                    gen->stack.stack[gen->stack.sp-1] = next;
                    break;
                }
                /* Pop the stack and try again. */
                gen->gen.cubes.cube[prev->index] = 2;
                gen->stack.sp--;
                top = gen->stack.stack[gen->stack.sp-1];
            }
        } else {
            gen->status = CUDD_GEN_NONEMPTY;
            gen->gen.cubes.value = cuddV(Cudd_Regular(top));
            goto done;
        }
    }

done:
    if (gen->status == CUDD_GEN_EMPTY) return(0);
    *path = gen->gen.cubes.cube;
    return(1);

} /* end of Cudd_zddNextPath */

int Cudd_zddPrintCover	(	DdManager *	zdd,
		DdNode *	node
	)

Function********************************************************************

Synopsis [Prints a sum of products from a ZDD representing a cover.]

Description [Prints a sum of products from a ZDD representing a cover. Returns 1 if successful; 0 otherwise.]

SideEffects [None]

SeeAlso [Cudd_zddPrintMinterm]

Definition at line 165 of file cuddZddUtil.c.

{
    int         i, size;
    int         *list;

    size = (int)zdd->sizeZ;
    if (size % 2 != 0) return(0); /* number of variables should be even */
    list = ALLOC(int, size);
    if (list == NULL) {
        zdd->errorCode = CUDD_MEMORY_OUT;
        return(0);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) list[i] = 3; /* bogus value should disappear */
    zddPrintCoverAux(zdd, node, 0, list);
    FREE(list);
    return(1);

} /* end of Cudd_zddPrintCover */

int Cudd_zddPrintDebug	(	DdManager *	zdd,
		DdNode *	f,
		int	n,
		int	pr
	)

Function********************************************************************

Synopsis [Prints to the standard output a ZDD and its statistics.]

Description [Prints to the standard output a DD and its statistics. The statistics include the number of nodes and the number of minterms. (The number of minterms is also the number of combinations in the set.) The statistics are printed if pr > 0. Specifically:

• pr = 0 : prints nothing
• pr = 1 : prints counts of nodes and minterms
• pr = 2 : prints counts + disjoint sum of products
• pr = 3 : prints counts + list of nodes
• pr > 3 : prints counts + disjoint sum of products + list of nodes

Returns 1 if successful; 0 otherwise. ]

SideEffects [None]

SeeAlso []

Definition at line 211 of file cuddZddUtil.c.

{
    DdNode      *empty = DD_ZERO(zdd);
    int         nodes;
    double      minterms;
    int         retval = 1;

    if (f == empty && pr > 0) {
        (void) fprintf(zdd->out,": is the empty ZDD\n");
        (void) fflush(zdd->out);
        return(1);
    }

    if (pr > 0) {
        nodes = Cudd_zddDagSize(f);
        if (nodes == CUDD_OUT_OF_MEM) retval = 0;
        minterms = Cudd_zddCountMinterm(zdd, f, n);
        if (minterms == (double)CUDD_OUT_OF_MEM) retval = 0;
        (void) fprintf(zdd->out,": %d nodes %g minterms\n",
                       nodes, minterms);
        if (pr > 2)
            if (!cuddZddP(zdd, f)) retval = 0;
        if (pr == 2 || pr > 3) {
            if (!Cudd_zddPrintMinterm(zdd, f)) retval = 0;
            (void) fprintf(zdd->out,"\n");
        }
        (void) fflush(zdd->out);
    }
    return(retval);

} /* end of Cudd_zddPrintDebug */

int Cudd_zddPrintMinterm	(	DdManager *	zdd,
		DdNode *	node
	)

AutomaticEnd Function********************************************************************

Synopsis [Prints a disjoint sum of product form for a ZDD.]

Description [Prints a disjoint sum of product form for a ZDD. Returns 1 if successful; 0 otherwise.]

SideEffects [None]

SeeAlso [Cudd_zddPrintDebug Cudd_zddPrintCover]

Definition at line 131 of file cuddZddUtil.c.

{
    int         i, size;
    int         *list;

    size = (int)zdd->sizeZ;
    list = ALLOC(int, size);
    if (list == NULL) {
        zdd->errorCode = CUDD_MEMORY_OUT;
        return(0);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) list[i] = 3; /* bogus value should disappear */
    zdd_print_minterm_aux(zdd, node, 0, list);
    FREE(list);
    return(1);

} /* end of Cudd_zddPrintMinterm */

int cuddZddP	(	DdManager *	zdd,
		DdNode *	f
	)

Function********************************************************************

Synopsis [Prints a ZDD to the standard output. One line per node is printed.]

Description [Prints a ZDD to the standard output. One line per node is printed. Returns 1 if successful; 0 otherwise.]

SideEffects [None]

SeeAlso [Cudd_zddPrintDebug]

Definition at line 818 of file cuddZddUtil.c.

{
    int retval;
    st_table *table = st_init_table(st_ptrcmp, st_ptrhash);

    if (table == NULL) return(0);

    retval = zp2(zdd, f, table);
    st_free_table(table);
    (void) fputc('\n', zdd->out);
    return(retval);

} /* end of cuddZddP */

static void zdd_print_minterm_aux	(	DdManager *	zdd,
		DdNode *	node,
		int	level,
		int *	list
	)			[static]

Function********************************************************************

Synopsis [Performs the recursive step of Cudd_zddPrintMinterm.]

Description []

SideEffects [None]

SeeAlso []

Definition at line 934 of file cuddZddUtil.c.

{
    DdNode      *Nv, *Nnv;
    int         i, v;
    DdNode      *base = DD_ONE(zdd);

    if (Cudd_IsConstant(node)) {
        if (node == base) {
            /* Check for missing variable. */
            if (level != zdd->sizeZ) {
                list[zdd->invpermZ[level]] = 0;
                zdd_print_minterm_aux(zdd, node, level + 1, list);
                return;
            }
            /* Terminal case: Print one cube based on the current recursion
            ** path.
            */
            for (i = 0; i < zdd->sizeZ; i++) {
                v = list[i];
                if (v == 0)
                    (void) fprintf(zdd->out,"0");
                else if (v == 1)
                    (void) fprintf(zdd->out,"1");
                else if (v == 3)
                    (void) fprintf(zdd->out,"@");       /* should never happen */
                else
                    (void) fprintf(zdd->out,"-");
            }
            (void) fprintf(zdd->out," 1\n");
        }
    } else {
        /* Check for missing variable. */
        if (level != cuddIZ(zdd,node->index)) {
            list[zdd->invpermZ[level]] = 0;
            zdd_print_minterm_aux(zdd, node, level + 1, list);
            return;
        }

        Nnv = cuddE(node);
        Nv = cuddT(node);
        if (Nv == Nnv) {
            list[node->index] = 2;
            zdd_print_minterm_aux(zdd, Nnv, level + 1, list);
            return;
        }

        list[node->index] = 1;
        zdd_print_minterm_aux(zdd, Nv, level + 1, list);
        list[node->index] = 0;
        zdd_print_minterm_aux(zdd, Nnv, level + 1, list);
    }
    return;

} /* end of zdd_print_minterm_aux */

static void zddPrintCoverAux	(	DdManager *	zdd,
		DdNode *	node,
		int	level,
		int *	list
	)			[static]

Function********************************************************************

Synopsis [Performs the recursive step of Cudd_zddPrintCover.]

Description []

SideEffects [None]

SeeAlso []

Definition at line 1006 of file cuddZddUtil.c.

{
    DdNode      *Nv, *Nnv;
    int         i, v;
    DdNode      *base = DD_ONE(zdd);

    if (Cudd_IsConstant(node)) {
        if (node == base) {
            /* Check for missing variable. */
            if (level != zdd->sizeZ) {
                list[zdd->invpermZ[level]] = 0;
                zddPrintCoverAux(zdd, node, level + 1, list);
                return;
            }
            /* Terminal case: Print one cube based on the current recursion
            ** path.
            */
            for (i = 0; i < zdd->sizeZ; i += 2) {
                v = list[i] * 4 + list[i+1];
                if (v == 0)
                    (void) putc('-',zdd->out);
                else if (v == 4)
                    (void) putc('1',zdd->out);
                else if (v == 1)
                    (void) putc('0',zdd->out);
                else
                    (void) putc('@',zdd->out); /* should never happen */
            }
            (void) fprintf(zdd->out," 1\n");
        }
    } else {
        /* Check for missing variable. */
        if (level != cuddIZ(zdd,node->index)) {
            list[zdd->invpermZ[level]] = 0;
            zddPrintCoverAux(zdd, node, level + 1, list);
            return;
        }

        Nnv = cuddE(node);
        Nv = cuddT(node);
        if (Nv == Nnv) {
            list[node->index] = 2;
            zddPrintCoverAux(zdd, Nnv, level + 1, list);
            return;
        }

        list[node->index] = 1;
        zddPrintCoverAux(zdd, Nv, level + 1, list);
        list[node->index] = 0;
        zddPrintCoverAux(zdd, Nnv, level + 1, list);
    }
    return;

} /* end of zddPrintCoverAux */

static int zp2	(	DdManager *	zdd,
		DdNode *	f,
		st_table *	t
	)			[static]

AutomaticStart

Function********************************************************************

Synopsis [Performs the recursive step of cuddZddP.]

Description [Performs the recursive step of cuddZddP. Returns 1 in case of success; 0 otherwise.]

SideEffects [None]

SeeAlso []

Definition at line 853 of file cuddZddUtil.c.

{
    DdNode      *n;
    int         T, E;
    DdNode      *base = DD_ONE(zdd);

    if (f == NULL)
        return(0);

    if (Cudd_IsConstant(f)) {
        (void)fprintf(zdd->out, "ID = %d\n", (f == base));
        return(1);
    }
    if (st_is_member(t, (char *)f) == 1)
        return(1);

    if (st_insert(t, (char *) f, NULL) == ST_OUT_OF_MEM)
        return(0);

#if SIZEOF_VOID_P == 8
    (void) fprintf(zdd->out, "ID = 0x%lx\tindex = %u\tr = %u\t",
        (ptruint)f / (ptruint) sizeof(DdNode), f->index, f->ref);
#else
    (void) fprintf(zdd->out, "ID = 0x%x\tindex = %hu\tr = %hu\t",
        (ptruint)f / (ptruint) sizeof(DdNode), f->index, f->ref);
#endif

    n = cuddT(f);
    if (Cudd_IsConstant(n)) {
        (void) fprintf(zdd->out, "T = %d\t\t", (n == base));
        T = 1;
    } else {
#if SIZEOF_VOID_P == 8
        (void) fprintf(zdd->out, "T = 0x%lx\t", (ptruint) n /
                       (ptruint) sizeof(DdNode));
#else
        (void) fprintf(zdd->out, "T = 0x%x\t", (ptruint) n /
                       (ptruint) sizeof(DdNode));
#endif
        T = 0;
    }

    n = cuddE(f);
    if (Cudd_IsConstant(n)) {
        (void) fprintf(zdd->out, "E = %d\n", (n == base));
        E = 1;
    } else {
#if SIZEOF_VOID_P == 8
        (void) fprintf(zdd->out, "E = 0x%lx\n", (ptruint) n /
                      (ptruint) sizeof(DdNode));
#else
        (void) fprintf(zdd->out, "E = 0x%x\n", (ptruint) n /
                       (ptruint) sizeof(DdNode));
#endif
        E = 0;
    }

    if (E == 0)
        if (zp2(zdd, cuddE(f), t) == 0) return(0);
    if (T == 0)
        if (zp2(zdd, cuddT(f), t) == 0) return(0);
    return(1);

} /* end of zp2 */

---

Variable Documentation

char rcsid [] DD_UNUSED = "$Id: cuddZddUtil.c,v 1.27 2009/03/08 02:49:02 fabio Exp $" [static]

CFile***********************************************************************

FileName [cuddZddUtil.c]

PackageName [cudd]

Synopsis [Utility functions for ZDDs.]

Description [External procedures included in this module:

• Cudd_zddPrintMinterm()
• Cudd_zddPrintCover()
• Cudd_zddPrintDebug()
• Cudd_zddFirstPath()
• Cudd_zddNextPath()
• Cudd_zddCoverPathToString()
• Cudd_zddDumpDot()

Internal procedures included in this module:

• cuddZddP()

Static procedures included in this module:

• zp2()
• zdd_print_minterm_aux()
• zddPrintCoverAux()

]

SeeAlso []

Author [Hyong-Kyoon Shin, In-Ho Moon, Fabio Somenzi]

Copyright [Copyright (c) 1995-2004, Regents of the University of Colorado

All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

Neither the name of the University of Colorado nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.]

Definition at line 92 of file cuddZddUtil.c.